Paediatric Orthopaedic Cases for Postgraduate Exams

Description

This presentation discusses two pediatric topics: tiptoe walking and intoning. The speaker begins with an overview of tiptoe walking, defined as the inability to make full contact with the ground during the gait cycle, with various causes ranging from idiopathic to neuromuscular conditions. Tiptoe walking is common in young children but can also indicate underlying issues like cerebral palsy in those with developmental delays. The prevalence of idiopathic tiptoe walking is about 2%, increasing to 41% in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. The speaker details the importance of thorough medical history, physical examination, and tests like MRI and blood work in diagnosing any related conditions.



Moving to management, cases under three years can often be monitored with reassurance, while those not improving may require conservative measures like stretching and orthotics or surgical interventions. The discussion transitions to intoning, characterized by excessive internal rotation of the hips and common in young children. The speaker explains clinical findings, differential diagnoses, and the importance of reassessing management strategies as the child ages, detailing surgical options when conservative measures fail. Overall, the presentation emphasizes careful assessment and diagnosis in pediatric orthopedic conditions.

Specialties